Kuva Donald Trump yongera gutangira kuyobora Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Afurika iri guhura n’impinduka zikomeye mu mubano wayo na Washington. Kugabanya gahunda z’inkunga z’amahanga, impinduka muri politiki y’ubucuruzi, gukaza amategeko agenga abimukira, kwibanda ku mutekano ndetse no gushaka amabuye y’agaciro y’ingenzi ku nganda z’Amerika, byose biri guhatira abayobozi ba Afurika kongera gutekereza ku buryo umugabane ugomba gukorana n’ibihangange by’isi.
Kuri Afurika, ikibazo ntikiri gusa ku mubano na Amerika. Ni ikibazo cyo kumenya niba umugabane ushobora gukoresha umutungo kamere, isoko ryawo rinini n’umwanya ufite mu bukungu bw’isi kugira ngo wubake ubwigenge bukomeye mu bukungu na politiki y’amahanga.
1. USAID N’INKUNGA Z’AMAHANGA: AFURIKA ISHOBORA KWISHINGIKIRIZA KURI YO YONYINE?
Imyaka myinshi, ibihugu bya Afurika byagiye byakira inkunga z’amahanga mu nzego zirimo ubuzima, kurwanya inzara, uburezi, ubuhinzi n’ibikorwa byo gufasha abaturage.
Impinduka muri politiki ya Amerika zatumye ikibazo cyo kwishingikiriza ku nkunga z’amahanga cyongera kugaruka ku murongo wa mbere.
Ku bayobozi ba Afurika, ibi bishobora kuba umwanya wo kwihutisha gahunda zo gukusanya imisoro imbere mu gihugu, kongera umusaruro, guteza imbere inganda no gushaka ishoramari rirambye aho gutegereza inkunga.
2. AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA: ISOKO RY’ABANYAFURIKA RISHOBORA KUBA IGISUBIZO
Kimwe mu bikomeye Afurika ifite ni AfCFTA, gahunda igamije koroshya ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika.
Mu gihe ubucuruzi n’imisoro hagati ya Afurika na Amerika bishobora guhinduka, isoko ry’Afurika rishobora kurushaho kugira akamaro.
Afurika ifite abaturage barenga miliyari imwe n’igice kandi umubare wabo ukomeje kwiyongera. Guhuza amasoko y’ibihugu bitandukanye bishobora gufasha Afurika kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku masoko yo hanze.
Iki ni kimwe mu by’ingenzi bishobora gutuma Afurika ivugana n’ibindi bihangange iri mu mwanya ufite imbaraga kurushaho.
3. AMABUYE Y’AGACIRO: CONGO, ZAMBIA, TANZANIA N’ANDI MASOKO Y’INGENZI
Afurika ifite ubutunzi bukomeye mu mabuye y’agaciro akenewe mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ifite uruhare rukomeye ku isoko rya cobalt, mu gihe ibihugu birimo Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Guinea, South Africa n’ibindi bifite amabuye atandukanye akenewe mu nganda.
Amerika, u Bushinwa n’u Burayi byose birashaka kubona amasoko yizewe y’ayo mabuye.
Iki ni icyuho Afurika ishobora gukoresha kugira ngo itange amabuye yayo afite agaciro kongerewe ku mugabane, aho kuyohereza gusa ari umusaruro mbumbe.
4. RDC N’IBIBAZO BY’UMUTEKANO: UMUTUNGO KAMERE N’INTAMBARA
Mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, umutungo kamere n’umutekano byakomeje kuba ibintu bifitanye isano.
Intambara n’ubushyamirane hagati y’impande zitandukanye byatumye ikibazo cya mineral resources cyo muri aka karere gikomeza gukurikiranwa n’ibihugu bikomeye.
Ku mugabane, ikibazo ni ukumenya uburyo umutungo kamere ushobora kuba isoko y’iterambere aho kuba impamvu y’amakimbirane.
Ni muri urwo rwego ibihugu bya Afurika bishaka ko amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’amabuye y’agaciro ajyana n’ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo, inganda n’akazi ku baturage.
5. CHINA: UMUFATANYABIKORWA UDAKWIYE KWIRUKANWA MU MUKINO
Mu gihe Amerika iri guhindura uburyo ikorana na Afurika, u Bushinwa buracyafite umwanya ukomeye ku mugabane.
Ubushinwa bwubatse cyangwa butera inkunga ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye muri Afurika, birimo imihanda, gari ya moshi, amashanyarazi n’ibindi.
Ku bihugu bya Afurika, ikibazo ntabwo ari uguhitamo hagati ya Amerika n’u Bushinwa gusa.
Ni ugushaka uburyo bwo gukorana n’impande zombi mu buryo butuma inyungu za Afurika ziza imbere.
6. RUSSIA NA BRICS: AFURIKA IRASHYAKA UBundi BURYO BW’UBUFATANYE
Uko imbaraga za BRICS zikomeza kwaguka, ibihugu bya Afurika birimo Egypt, Ethiopia na South Africa biri kugira uruhare muri uru rwego.
Ibi byongera amahitamo y’umugabane ku bijyanye n’imari, ubucuruzi n’imikoranire mpuzamahanga.
Ku bihugu bya Afurika, ibi bishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kutishingikiriza ku mufatanyabikorwa umwe gusa.
7. GULF STATES: UAE, SAUDI ARABIA NA QATAR BIRI KONGERA UMWANYA WABYO
Ibihugu byo mu kigobe cya Persian Gulf nabyo biri kongera ishoramari muri Afurika.
UAE, Saudi Arabia na Qatar bifite inyungu mu byerekeye ubuhinzi, ibyambu, ingufu, ubucuruzi n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Ibi biha Afurika abandi bafatanyabikorwa bashobora gushoramo imari, ariko bikongera n’ikibazo cyo kureba niba amasezerano yose aha umugabane inyungu zirambye.
8. SAHEL: TERORISME N’IHINDUKA RYA POLITIKI
Mu karere ka Sahel, ikibazo cy’umutekano gikomeje kugira ingaruka ku mubano wa Afurika n’ibihugu by’i Burayi ndetse na Amerika.
Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger byagiye bigira impinduka zikomeye mu mibanire n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba, mu gihe ubuyobozi bushya bw’ako karere bwashatse abandi bafatanyabikorwa.
Kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro, kurinda imipaka no kubaka inzego z’umutekano bikomeje kuba imwe mu ngingo z’ingenzi Afurika igomba kwitaho.
9. MIGRATION: ABANYAFURIKA N’AMABWIRIZA MASHYA YA AMERIKA N’UBURAYI
Politiki yo kugenzura abimukira iri mu ngingo zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibanire hagati ya Afurika n’ibihugu bikize.
Ku ruhande rwa Afurika, ikibazo cy’abimukira ntigishobora kurebwa gusa nk’ikibazo cy’imipaka.
Gifitanye isano n’akazi, uburezi, ubukungu, umutekano ndetse n’amahirwe urubyiruko rufite.
10. INGUFU N’AMASHANYARAZI: AFURIKA IFITE UMUTUNGO UKOMEYE ARIKO IKIBURA UMUSARURO UHAGIJE
Afurika ifite umutungo munini w’ingufu, ariko ibihugu byinshi biracyafite ikibazo cyo kubona amashanyarazi ahagije.
Mu gihe isi irimo gushora amafaranga menshi mu ngufu zisubira, Afurika ifite amahirwe mu mirasire y’izuba, amashanyarazi ava ku mazi, gaz ndetse n’izindi mbaraga.
Ikibazo gikomeye ni ugukora ku buryo izo mbaraga zituma inganda zikora kandi zikongera agaciro k’ibicuruzwa bikorerwa muri Afurika.
11. AFURIKA IGOMBA KONGERA AGACIRO KU MUTUNGO WAYO
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye Afurika imaze igihe ihura na byo ni kohereza hanze ibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma igatumiza hanze ibicuruzwa byarakozwe.
Cobalt iva muri Afurika ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora bateri ahandi.
Cocoa ishobora kuva muri Afurika ikagaruka nk’ikiribwa cyatunganyijwe gifite agaciro kanini.
Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo cy’ingenzi atari gusa “Afurika ifite iki?”, ahubwo ari “Afurika ishobora gukora iki ikoresheje ibyo ifite?”
12. URUBYIRUKO N’IKORANABUHANGA
Afurika ni umugabane ufite urubyiruko rwinshi.
Niba uru rubyiruko rubonye uburezi bufite ireme, internet, amashanyarazi, imari n’amahirwe yo gukora imishinga, rushobora kuba imbaraga zikomeye mu guhindura ubukungu bw’umugabane.
Ikoranabuhanga, fintech, artificial intelligence, e-commerce n’ubundi buryo bushya bw’ubucuruzi bishobora gufasha Afurika gusimbuka zimwe mu nzego z’ubukungu yari yarasigaye inyuma.
AFURIKA IGIYE MU GIHE CYO GUHITAMO
Ibi byose bigaragaza ko igihe cya Trump II atari ikibazo cya Washington na Afurika gusa. Ni igice cy’impinduka nini mu buryo imbaraga z’isi zitandukanye.
Amerika irashaka umutekano, amasoko n’amabuye y’ingenzi. Ubushinwa burashaka ubucuruzi n’ishoramari. Uburayi bushaka umutekano n’ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu n’abimukira. Ibihugu byo mu Kigobe na byo birashaka kongera uruhare rwabyo.
Afurika rero ifite amahitamo menshi kurusha mbere, ariko amahirwe ayo ari yo yose azagira akamaro ari uko ibihugu byayo bishoboye gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage, kongera agaciro ku mutungo kamere no gukomeza ubufatanye hagati yabyo.
Muri iyi si iri guhinduka, ikibazo gikomeye si ukumenya gusa uwo Afurika izakorana na we, ahubwo ni ukumenya uko Afurika izakoresha amarushanwa y’ibihangange by’isi kugira ngo yongere ubukungu n’ubwigenge bwayo.
Yandiswe na Ruhumuriza Richard
