Kuri Afurika, ikibazo ntikiri gusa ku mubano na Amerika. Ni ikibazo cyo kumenya niba umugabane ushobora gukoresha umutungo kamere, isoko ryawo rinini n’umwanya ufite mu bukungu bw’isi kugira ngo wubake ubwigenge bukomeye mu bukungu na politiki y’amahanga.

1. USAID N’INKUNGA Z’AMAHANGA: AFURIKA ISHOBORA KWISHINGIKIRIZA KURI YO YONYINE?

Imyaka myinshi, ibihugu bya Afurika byagiye byakira inkunga z’amahanga mu nzego zirimo ubuzima, kurwanya inzara, uburezi, ubuhinzi n’ibikorwa byo gufasha abaturage.

Impinduka muri politiki ya Amerika zatumye ikibazo cyo kwishingikiriza ku nkunga z’amahanga cyongera kugaruka ku murongo wa mbere.

Ku bayobozi ba Afurika, ibi bishobora kuba umwanya wo kwihutisha gahunda zo gukusanya imisoro imbere mu gihugu, kongera umusaruro, guteza imbere inganda no gushaka ishoramari rirambye aho gutegereza inkunga.

2. AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA: ISOKO RY’ABANYAFURIKA RISHOBORA KUBA IGISUBIZO

Kimwe mu bikomeye Afurika ifite ni AfCFTA, gahunda igamije koroshya ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika.

Mu gihe ubucuruzi n’imisoro hagati ya Afurika na Amerika bishobora guhinduka, isoko ry’Afurika rishobora kurushaho kugira akamaro.

Afurika ifite abaturage barenga miliyari imwe n’igice kandi umubare wabo ukomeje kwiyongera. Guhuza amasoko y’ibihugu bitandukanye bishobora gufasha Afurika kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku masoko yo hanze.

Iki ni kimwe mu by’ingenzi bishobora gutuma Afurika ivugana n’ibindi bihangange iri mu mwanya ufite imbaraga kurushaho.

3. AMABUYE Y’AGACIRO: CONGO, ZAMBIA, TANZANIA N’ANDI MASOKO Y’INGENZI

Afurika ifite ubutunzi bukomeye mu mabuye y’agaciro akenewe mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ifite uruhare rukomeye ku isoko rya cobalt, mu gihe ibihugu birimo Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Guinea, South Africa n’ibindi bifite amabuye atandukanye akenewe mu nganda.

Amerika, u Bushinwa n’u Burayi byose birashaka kubona amasoko yizewe y’ayo mabuye.

Iki ni icyuho Afurika ishobora gukoresha kugira ngo itange amabuye yayo afite agaciro kongerewe ku mugabane, aho kuyohereza gusa ari umusaruro mbumbe.

4. RDC N’IBIBAZO BY’UMUTEKANO: UMUTUNGO KAMERE N’INTAMBARA

Mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, umutungo kamere n’umutekano byakomeje kuba ibintu bifitanye isano.

Intambara n’ubushyamirane hagati y’impande zitandukanye byatumye ikibazo cya mineral resources cyo muri aka karere gikomeza gukurikiranwa n’ibihugu bikomeye.

Ku mugabane, ikibazo ni ukumenya uburyo umutungo kamere ushobora kuba isoko y’iterambere aho kuba impamvu y’amakimbirane.

Ni muri urwo rwego ibihugu bya Afurika bishaka ko amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’amabuye y’agaciro ajyana n’ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo, inganda n’akazi ku baturage.

5. CHINA: UMUFATANYABIKORWA UDAKWIYE KWIRUKANWA MU MUKINO

Mu gihe Amerika iri guhindura uburyo ikorana na Afurika, u Bushinwa buracyafite umwanya ukomeye ku mugabane.

Ubushinwa bwubatse cyangwa butera inkunga ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye muri Afurika, birimo imihanda, gari ya moshi, amashanyarazi n’ibindi.

Ku bihugu bya Afurika, ikibazo ntabwo ari uguhitamo hagati ya Amerika n’u Bushinwa gusa.

Ni ugushaka uburyo bwo gukorana n’impande zombi mu buryo butuma inyungu za Afurika ziza imbere.

6. RUSSIA NA BRICS: AFURIKA IRASHYAKA UBundi BURYO BW’UBUFATANYE

Uko imbaraga za BRICS zikomeza kwaguka, ibihugu bya Afurika birimo Egypt, Ethiopia na South Africa biri kugira uruhare muri uru rwego.

Ibi byongera amahitamo y’umugabane ku bijyanye n’imari, ubucuruzi n’imikoranire mpuzamahanga.

Ku bihugu bya Afurika, ibi bishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kutishingikiriza ku mufatanyabikorwa umwe gusa.

7. GULF STATES: UAE, SAUDI ARABIA NA QATAR BIRI KONGERA UMWANYA WABYO

Ibihugu byo mu kigobe cya Persian Gulf nabyo biri kongera ishoramari muri Afurika.

UAE, Saudi Arabia na Qatar bifite inyungu mu byerekeye ubuhinzi, ibyambu, ingufu, ubucuruzi n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.

Ibi biha Afurika abandi bafatanyabikorwa bashobora gushoramo imari, ariko bikongera n’ikibazo cyo kureba niba amasezerano yose aha umugabane inyungu zirambye.

8. SAHEL: TERORISME N’IHINDUKA RYA POLITIKI

Mu karere ka Sahel, ikibazo cy’umutekano gikomeje kugira ingaruka ku mubano wa Afurika n’ibihugu by’i Burayi ndetse na Amerika.

Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger byagiye bigira impinduka zikomeye mu mibanire n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba, mu gihe ubuyobozi bushya bw’ako karere bwashatse abandi bafatanyabikorwa.

Kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro, kurinda imipaka no kubaka inzego z’umutekano bikomeje kuba imwe mu ngingo z’ingenzi Afurika igomba kwitaho.

9. MIGRATION: ABANYAFURIKA N’AMABWIRIZA MASHYA YA AMERIKA N’UBURAYI

Politiki yo kugenzura abimukira iri mu ngingo zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibanire hagati ya Afurika n’ibihugu bikize.

Ku ruhande rwa Afurika, ikibazo cy’abimukira ntigishobora kurebwa gusa nk’ikibazo cy’imipaka.

Gifitanye isano n’akazi, uburezi, ubukungu, umutekano ndetse n’amahirwe urubyiruko rufite.

10. INGUFU N’AMASHANYARAZI: AFURIKA IFITE UMUTUNGO UKOMEYE ARIKO IKIBURA UMUSARURO UHAGIJE

Afurika ifite umutungo munini w’ingufu, ariko ibihugu byinshi biracyafite ikibazo cyo kubona amashanyarazi ahagije.

Mu gihe isi irimo gushora amafaranga menshi mu ngufu zisubira, Afurika ifite amahirwe mu mirasire y’izuba, amashanyarazi ava ku mazi, gaz ndetse n’izindi mbaraga.

Ikibazo gikomeye ni ugukora ku buryo izo mbaraga zituma inganda zikora kandi zikongera agaciro k’ibicuruzwa bikorerwa muri Afurika.

11. AFURIKA IGOMBA KONGERA AGACIRO KU MUTUNGO WAYO

Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye Afurika imaze igihe ihura na byo ni kohereza hanze ibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma igatumiza hanze ibicuruzwa byarakozwe.

Cobalt iva muri Afurika ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora bateri ahandi.

Cocoa ishobora kuva muri Afurika ikagaruka nk’ikiribwa cyatunganyijwe gifite agaciro kanini.

Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo cy’ingenzi atari gusa “Afurika ifite iki?”, ahubwo ari “Afurika ishobora gukora iki ikoresheje ibyo ifite?”

12. URUBYIRUKO N’IKORANABUHANGA

Afurika ni umugabane ufite urubyiruko rwinshi.

Niba uru rubyiruko rubonye uburezi bufite ireme, internet, amashanyarazi, imari n’amahirwe yo gukora imishinga, rushobora kuba imbaraga zikomeye mu guhindura ubukungu bw’umugabane.

Ikoranabuhanga, fintech, artificial intelligence, e-commerce n’ubundi buryo bushya bw’ubucuruzi bishobora gufasha Afurika gusimbuka zimwe mu nzego z’ubukungu yari yarasigaye inyuma.

AFURIKA IGIYE MU GIHE CYO GUHITAMO

Ibi byose bigaragaza ko igihe cya Trump II atari ikibazo cya Washington na Afurika gusa. Ni igice cy’impinduka nini mu buryo imbaraga z’isi zitandukanye.

Amerika irashaka umutekano, amasoko n’amabuye y’ingenzi. Ubushinwa burashaka ubucuruzi n’ishoramari. Uburayi bushaka umutekano n’ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu n’abimukira. Ibihugu byo mu Kigobe na byo birashaka kongera uruhare rwabyo.

Afurika rero ifite amahitamo menshi kurusha mbere, ariko amahirwe ayo ari yo yose azagira akamaro ari uko ibihugu byayo bishoboye gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage, kongera agaciro ku mutungo kamere no gukomeza ubufatanye hagati yabyo.

Muri iyi si iri guhinduka, ikibazo gikomeye si ukumenya gusa uwo Afurika izakorana na we, ahubwo ni ukumenya uko Afurika izakoresha amarushanwa y’ibihangange by’isi kugira ngo yongere ubukungu n’ubwigenge bwayo.

Yandiswe na Ruhumuriza Richard

Amakuru yo muri Nzeri 2026 agaragaza ko ingabo z’u Burundi, FARDC n’imitwe ya Wazalendo bakomeje ibikorwa bya gisirikare mu bice bya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, birimo hafi ya Minembwe na Bijombo, mu gihe AFC/M23 na Twirwaneho na bo bakomeje kurwanya izo ngabo.

UBURUNDI BWINJIYE GUTE MURI IYI NTAMBARA?

U Burundi bumaze imyaka bwinjira mu bibazo by’umutekano byo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo gukurikirana imitwe yitwaje intwaro ivuga ko irwanya ubutegetsi bwa Bujumbura.

Ariko uruhare rw’u Burundi rwagiye rurushaho kwaguka. Ingabo z’u Burundi zagiye zifatanya na FARDC mu bikorwa byo kurwanya imitwe itandukanye, nyuma uruhare rwazo rukaba rwarageze no ku mirwano ihanganishije AFC/M23 .

Raporo zitandukanye zerekana ko umubare munini w’abasirikare b’u Burundi wagiye woherezwa muri Congo. SOS Médias Burundi yatangaje ko raporo y’imbere muri Congo ivuga ko abasirikare b’Abarundi barenga 29,000 bari baroherejwe muri RDC hagati ya Kanama 2022 na Ukuboza 2025.

IKIBAZO GIKOMEYE: UBURUNDI BURWANIRA CONGO CYANGWA BURWANIRA UMUTEKANO WABWO?

Iki ni ikibazo gikwiye kwibazwaho.

Ku ruhande rwa Bujumbura, uruhare rwayo rushobora kurebwa nk’igikorwa cyo kurinda umutekano w’igihugu no gukumira imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishobora kuhatera.

Ariko uko ibintu byifashe ubu, ibikorwa by’ingabo z’u Burundi muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo byatumye igihugu kigira uruhare runini mu ntambara ihuza AFC/M23 n’ihuriro rishyigikiwe na Kinshasa.

Ibi bishyira Uburundi mu mwanya ukomeye: uko intambara ikomeza, ni nako umutekano w’u Burundi ushobora kurushaho guhuzwa n’ibizaba ku rugamba muri Congo.

AFC/M23 NA YO IFITE ICYO IVUGA

AFC/M23 ivuga ko intambara yayo ifite impamvu zishingiye ku mutekano w’abaturage bo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo no ku bibazo bya politiki n’imiyoborere. Kinshasa yo ibona AFC/M23 nk’umutwe w’inyeshyamba ushyigikiwe n’u Rwanda.

U Rwanda ruhakana gushyigikira AFC/M23 nk’uko Kinshasa ibivuga, mu gihe rwo rushinja Kinshasa gukorana na FDLR n’indi mitwe ibona nk’iterabwoba ku mutekano warwo.

Bityo, ikibazo cya Congo ntikikiri ikibazo cy’ingabo ebyiri gusa. Harimo inyungu z’ibihugu bituranye, imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ikibazo cy’ubutaka, umutekano w’imipaka, ndetse n’amateka maremare y’amacakubiri yo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.

UBURUNDI BUSHOBORA GUTAKAZA IKI?

Ikintu cya mbere ni ubuzima bw’abasirikare.

Iyo igihugu cyohereje ingabo hanze yacyo mu ntambara imara imyaka, igiciro kiba kinini: abasirikare barapfa, abandi bagakomereka, kandi igihugu kigakenera amafaranga menshi yo gukomeza ibikorwa bya gisirikare.

Ikindi ni umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu.

Niba intambara yo muri Congo yarushaho kwegera umupaka w’u Burundi, ishobora guteza imigendekere mishya y’impunzi, ubucuruzi bukahungabana, ndetse n’umutekano w’imipaka ukarushaho kuba ikibazo.

Kugeza ubu, ikibazo cy’impunzi kimaze kugira uburemere. UNHCR yatangaje ko hagati ya Mutarama 2025 na Werurwe 31, 2026, u Burundi bwakiriye abantu bashya bagera ku 142,000 bavuye mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.

IKINDI KIBAZO: INTAMBARA ISHOBORA GUHINDUKA INTAMBARA Y’AKARERE

Aha ni ho ikibazo cya Burundi na AFC/M23 gikwiye kurebwa mu buryo bwagutse.

Mu gihe ingabo z’u Burundi zikomeza gufatanya na FARDC mu kurwanya AFC/M23, kandi ikibazo cy’u Rwanda na Congo kigakomeza kuba ingingo ikomeye, hari ibyago ko amakimbirane yo muri Congo yakomeza gukurura ibihugu byinshi byo mu karere.

Reuters yigeze kugaragaza ko kuba ingabo z’u Burundi zarahuye n’ingabo za M23 muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo byazamuye impungenge z’uko intambara yo muri Congo ishobora kugira imiterere y’intambara y’akarere.

Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo kitagomba kurebwa gusa nk’icyo Uburundi na AFC/M23.

Ni ikibazo cy’umutekano w’akarere kose.

UBURUNDI BUKWIYE GUSHYIRA IMBARAGA HE?

Ikibazo gikomeye si ukumenya gusa uruhande ruzatsinda ku rugamba.

Ikibazo nyamukuru ni ukumenya niba intambara ishobora gukemura ibibazo byatumye itangira.

Niba FARDC, Wazalendo n’ingabo z’u Burundi batsinze agace runaka ariko ibibazo bya politiki, umutekano w’abaturage, imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’imibanire y’ibihugu byo mu karere bikaguma uko biri, intambara ishobora kongera gutangira ahandi.

Ni na ko bimeze ku ruhande rwa AFC/M23: kugenzura ubutaka ntabwo byonyine bihagije kugira ngo ikibazo cya Congo kirangire. Hakenewe igisubizo cya politiki gishobora gukemura impamvu z’amakimbirane no gutuma abaturage babaho mu mutekano.

UMWANZURO

Uruhare rw’u Burundi mu ntambara yo muri Congo rwahindutse ikintu gikomeye mu mibare ya gisirikare yo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.

Ariko uko uruhare rwa gisirikare rwiyongera, ni nako ibibazo by’umutekano n’ibya politiki u Burundi bushobora guhura na byo birushaho kwiyongera.

Intambara ya Congo ntizakemurwa n’imbunda gusa.

Niba akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari gashaka amahoro arambye, hakenewe ibiganiro bya politiki, kugenzura imitwe yitwaje intwaro, kurinda abaturage no gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano by’ibihugu bihana imbibi na Congo.

Kandi kuri Burundi, ikibazo gikomeye kizakomeza kuba iki:

Ese gukomeza kurwanira muri Congo bizongera umutekano w’u Burundi, cyangwa bizatuma umutekano w’u Burundi urushaho guterwa n’ahazaza h’intambara yo muri Congo?

Iki ni ikibazo gisaba igisubizo cya politiki, atari icya gisirikare gusa.

Yanditswe na Salongo Richard

AFC/M23 imaze kugira uruhare rukomeye mu ihinduka ry’imiterere ya politiki n’umutekano mu Ntara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’Amajyepfo. Igenzura ibice binini by’ako karere, mu gihe FARDC n’imitwe iyishyigikiye bakomeje guhangana na yo.

Ikibazo gikomeye ni iki?

Ikibazo nyamukuru si ukumenya gusa uwatsinze cyangwa uwatsinzwe ku rugamba. Ikibazo gikomeye ni ukumenya niba intambara ishobora kuvana abaturage b’Iburasirazuba bwa Congo mu bibazo bamazemo imyaka myinshi.

Kuva kera, abaturage bo muri aka karere bagiye bahura n’umutekano muke, kwimurwa ku ngufu, imitwe yitwaje intwaro, amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka n’ubwenegihugu, ndetse n’intege nke z’inzego z’umutekano.

Ni yo mpamvu, mu myumvire yanjye, ikibazo cya AFC/M23 ntigikwiye gusobanurwa gusa ngo ni ikibazo cy’abarwanyi bashaka gufata ubutegetsi. Hari ibibazo bya politiki n’imibereho byagiye bisubikwa imyaka myinshi kandi bitigeze bibonerwa igisubizo kirambye. Abasesenguzi na bo bagaragaza ko ibibazo by’ubwenegihugu, ivugurura ry’inzego z’umutekano n’imicungire y’umutungo kamere biri mu mizi y’amakimbirane.

Ariko intambara si igisubizo cya byose

Kuba AFC/M23 yarashoboye kwigarurira ibice binini by’uburasirazuba bwa Congo ntabwo bihita bivuze ko intambara izatanga amahoro arambye.

Hari ibirego bikomeye by’ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu byagiye bishyirwa ku mpande zitandukanye z’iyi ntambara. Hari kandi ingaruka ku baturage, ubukungu, ubucuruzi n’ubuzima.

Ni yo mpamvu intsinzi ya gisirikare, niba ibayeho, igomba gukurikirwa n’igisubizo cya politiki.

Kandi aha ni ho AFC/M23 igomba kwibazwa ikibazo gikomeye:

Ese intego ni ugufata ubutaka gusa, cyangwa ni uguhindura uburyo politiki n’imiyoborere bikorwa muri Congo?

Niba ari uguharanira impinduka, impinduka nyayo igomba kugaragara mu mutekano w’abaturage, ubutabera, ubwisanzure bwa politiki, imiyoborere n’imibereho y’abaturage.

Kinshasa na yo igomba kwisuzuma

Ntabwo ikibazo cyose gikwiye gushyirwa ku AFC/M23.

Leta ya Congo ifite inshingano zo kubaka ingabo z’igihugu zikomeye kandi zubahiriza amategeko, kurengera abaturage bose no gukemura ibibazo bya politiki byagiye bitera amakimbirane.

Iyo abaturage batizera inzego za Leta, iyo imitwe yitwaje intwaro iba myinshi, kandi iyo amakimbirane y’ubwenegihugu n’umutekano akomeza kudakemuka, intambara iba ifite aho ikura.

Icyo Afurika ikwiye kwigira kuri AFC/M23

Isomo rikomeye ni uko intambara ishobora guhindura ikarita y’ububasha, ariko ibiganiro ari byo bishobora kubaka amahoro arambye.

Kugeza ubu, ibiganiro bya Doha n’izindi nzira z’ubuhuza biracyagerageza guhuza impande zihanganye, ariko imirwano n’ubushyamirane biracyakomeza.

Ku bwanjye, icyakenewe si uguhitamo AFC/M23 cyangwa Kinshasa nk’aho ikibazo ari umukino wo gutsinda no gutsindwa.

Icyakenewe ni ukumva impamvu intambara yabayeho, gukemura ibibazo byayiteye, no gushyiraho gahunda abaturage bose bashobora kubamo nta vangura.

Umwanzuro

AFC/M23 yamaze guhindura cyane imiterere y’umutekano na politiki mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Ariko agaciro k’umutwe wa politiki cyangwa uwitwaje intwaro ntikagomba gupimirwa gusa ku bwinshi bw’ubutaka ugenzura.

Agaciro kawo kagomba gupimirwa ku gisubizo ushobora guha abaturage.

Niba AFC/M23 ishaka kugaragara nk’umutwe uharanira impinduka, igomba kugaragaza ko ishobora kuva ku ntsinzi ya gisirikare ikagera ku miyoborere ibereye abaturage, kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu no gushyigikira inzira y’amahoro.

Kuko amahoro nyayo ntabwo ari igihe imbunda ziceceka gusa.

Amahoro nyayo ni igihe impamvu zatumye abantu bafata imbunda ziba zarakemutse.

Urutonde rugaragaza ko ibihugu bya Afurika bifite imbaraga mu nzego zitandukanye, aho bimwe bigaragara cyane mu bukungu, ibindi mu miyoborere, ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ibikorwa remezo.

1. Seychelles

Seychelles iri ku mwanya wa mbere, ikomeje kugaragara nk’igihugu gifite imikorere myiza ugereranyije n’ibindi bihugu byinshi byo ku mugabane wa Afurika. Ubukungu bushingiye cyane ku bukerarugendo, serivisi n’uburobyi.

2. Mauritius

Mauritius iri ku mwanya wa kabiri. Iki gihugu kizwiho ubukungu butandukanye, serivisi z’imari, ubukerarugendo ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo gukurura ishoramari.

3. Botswana

Botswana iza ku mwanya wa gatatu, ikaba izwiho imiyoborere ihamye n’ubukungu bwubakiye cyane ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, cyane cyane diyama.

4. Afurika y’Epfo

Afurika y’Epfo iri mu bihugu bikomeye cyane ku mugabane kubera ubukungu bwayo bunini, ibikorwa remezo n’urwego rw’inganda n’imari.

5. Maroc

Maroc ikomeje kuzamuka kubera ibikorwa remezo, ubukungu butandukanye, inganda, ubukerarugendo n’ishoramari mu mishinga minini.

6. Misiri

Misiri iri mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bukomeye muri Afurika. Ifite isoko rinini ry’abaturage, ibikorwa by’inganda, ubwikorezi, ubukerarugendo ndetse n’umuyoboro wa Suez ufite akamaro ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.

7. Tuniziya

Tuniziya ikomeza kugira umwanya ukomeye mu bukungu bwa Afurika y’Amajyaruguru, cyane cyane mu nganda, ubukerarugendo na serivisi.

8. Namibiya

Namibiya igaragara mu bihugu bifite ibikorwa remezo n’imiyoborere bifite urwego ruri hejuru ugereranyije n’ibindi bihugu byinshi byo mu karere.

9. Rwanda

u Rwanda ruri ku mwanya wa cyenda muri uru rutonde. Iki gihugu cyagiye kizwi cyane ku iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo, ikoranabuhanga, serivisi za Leta ndetse n’imbaraga mu gukurura ishoramari.

Rwanda kandi ikomeje gushimwa ku bijyanye no korohereza ubucuruzi no gushyira ikoranabuhanga mu mitangire ya serivisi.

10. Kenya

Kenya iza ku mwanya wa 10, ikaba ari kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bukomeye muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Nairobi ni ihuriro rikomeye ry’ubucuruzi, imari n’ikoranabuhanga.

11. Ghana

Ghana iri mu bihugu bifite ubukungu butandukanye, aho ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi, serivisi n’inganda bifite uruhare rukomeye.

12. Côte d’Ivoire

Côte d’Ivoire ikomeje kuba imwe mu bukungu buri kuzamuka cyane muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba, ishingiye ku buhinzi, inganda n’ubucuruzi.

13. Senegal

Senegal iri mu bihugu bifite ibikorwa remezo n’ubukungu bigenda byaguka, ndetse ikaba ifite uruhare rukomeye mu bucuruzi bwo mu karere.

14. Zambia

Zambia ikomeza kugira umwanya ukomeye kubera umutungo kamere, cyane cyane umuringa, ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere inganda n’ubucuruzi.

15. Tanzania

Tanzania iri mu bihugu bikomeye byo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ifite ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi, ubucukuzi, ubukerarugendo n’ubucuruzi.

16. Algeria

Algeria ifite umutungo munini wa peteroli na gaz, bikagira uruhare rukomeye mu bukungu bw’igihugu ndetse no mu bucuruzi bw’ingufu.

17. Uganda

Uganda iri mu bukungu bukomeje kwaguka muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ishingiye ku buhinzi, ubucuruzi, inganda n’ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo.

18. Benin

Benin yagiye igaragaza impinduka mu bikorwa remezo, ubucuruzi n’imitangire ya serivisi, ndetse ikaba ifite uruhare mu bucuruzi bw’akarere.

19. Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe ikomeje kugaragara mu bihugu bifite ubushobozi mu by’ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi n’inganda, nubwo ikomeje guhangana n’ibibazo by’ubukungu.

20. Mozambique

Mozambique isoza urutonde rw’ibihugu 20, ikaba ifite umutungo kamere ukomeye, cyane cyane gaze karemano, ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo gukomeza gukurura ishoramari.

Rwanda iri he ugereranyije n’ibindi bihugu?

Kuba u Rwanda ruri mu myanya 10 ya mbere bigaragaza uruhare rwaryo mu bukungu no mu iterambere rya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Ariko kandi, urutonde nk’uru rugomba gusomwa hamenyekanye ibipimo byakoreshejwe mu kurushyiraho, kuko “ibihugu bikora neza” bishobora gusobanurwa mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n’ikigo cyangwa raporo yakoze urutonde.

Mu by’ukuri, Afurika ikomeje kugira ibihugu bifite ubushobozi butandukanye: ibihugu bimwe birusha ibindi mu bukungu, ibindi mu miyoborere, ibikorwa remezo cyangwa imibereho myiza y’abaturage.

Muri make, urutonde rwa 2026 rugaragaza ko Seychelles, Mauritius na Botswana biri mu myanya ya mbere, mu gihe Rwanda nayo iri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere byagaragaje imikorere myiza.

Yanditswe na Ruhumuriza Richard

Nubwo hashyizweho gahunda zitandukanye zo guhagarika imirwano, amakuru agezweho agaragaza ko imirwano hagati ya FARDC n’abarwanyi ba M23 ikomeje kugaragara mu bice bya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’Amajyepfo. Raporo ya Security Council Report yo mu Ukwakira 2026 ivuga ko AFC/M23 yakomeje gukomeza no kwagura ububasha bwayo mu bice bimwe by’iyi ntara.

Uburyo AFC/M23 yagiye ihindura ishusho y’intambara

AFC/M23 yongeye kugira uruhare rukomeye mu ntambara zo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC kuva mu 2021, nyuma y’uko M23 yongeye gufata intwaro. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, uyu mutwe wafashe ibice binini bya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’Amajyepfo, birimo Goma na Bukavu.

Mu mpera za 2025, AFC/M23 yageze i Uvira, umujyi uri hafi y’umupaka wa Burundi. Nyuma yaho yaje kuva muri uwo mujyi muri Mutarama 2026, mu gihe imiryango mpuzamahanga yakomeje gukurikirana ibibazo by’umutekano n’ubutabazi byari byavutse muri ako karere.

Doha: kuva ku rugamba kugera ku meza y’ibiganiro

Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi byahinduye imiterere y’iki kibazo ni uko AFC/M23 yinjiye mu biganiro bya politiki n’ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa.

Ku wa 2 Gashyantare 2026, Guverinoma ya RDC na AFC/M23 bashyize umukono i Doha ku mabwiriza agenga uburyo bwo gukurikirana no kugenzura ihagarikwa ry’imirwano. Impande zombi kandi zongeye kwemeza ko zizubahiriza gahunda y’amahoro ya Doha.

Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe na wo wakiriye neza ayo masezerano, ushimangira ko ibiganiro ari inzira y’ingenzi yo gushaka igisubizo cya politiki ku ntambara yo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Ni iki AFC/M23 ivuga ku ntambara?

AFC/M23 ivuga ko impamvu z’imirwano zishingiye ku bibazo by’umutekano, imiyoborere n’uko abaturage bo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC bafatwa. Uyu mutwe kandi ushyigikira ko ibibazo biri mu karere bikemurwa binyuze mu biganiro bya politiki.

Icyakora, ibi ni ibisobanuro by’uyu mutwe ubwayo, kandi bigomba gutandukanywa n’ibyemezo cyangwa raporo z’imiryango mpuzamahanga.

Ibirego bikomeye by’imiryango mpuzamahanga

Ku rundi ruhande, imiryango nka Human Rights Watch yashyize ahagaragara ibirego bikomeye by’ihohoterwa ry’abaturage mu gihe AFC/M23 yari igenzura Uvira. Raporo yayo ivuga ko yakoze iperereza ku bwicanyi, gushimuta abantu n’ibindi bikorwa ivuga ko bishobora kuba byararenze ku mategeko mpuzamahanga agenga intambara.

Ibi birego AFC/M23 n’impande ziyishyigikiye bagiye kubihakana cyangwa kubisobanura mu buryo butandukanye, bityo inkuru y’umwuga igomba gutandukanya ibirego, ibisubizo by’impande birebwa n’ibimenyetso byigenga.

Umwanya wayo muri politiki y’akarere

Ikigaragara ni uko AFC/M23 itakiri gusa ikibazo cy’imirwano ku rugamba. Uyu mutwe ubu uri no mu biganiro bya Doha, aho Guverinoma ya RDC na AFC/M23 baganira ku ihagarikwa ry’imirwano n’ibisubizo bya politiki.

Muri Kamena 2026, itsinda rihuriweho na RDC, Rwanda, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Qatar, Togo n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe ryagaragaje ko ibiganiro bya Doha ari ingenzi mu gushyigikira inzira y’amahoro.

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