Trump na Putin bumvikanye kuri mazutu

Ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2026, Donald Trump yatangaje ko yagiranye ibiganiro na Perezida w’u Burusiya, Vladimir Putin, bakumvikana ku kohereza mazutu ku masoko mpuzamahanga, harimo n’iry’Amerika.

Trump yavuze ko u Burusiya buzahita butanga toni zirenga 300.000 za mazutu, hagakurikiraho izindi toni 500.000 mu Ugushyingo, ndetse n’izindi nyinshi mu gihe kizakurikiraho.

Yasobanuye ko iyi gahunda igamije kongera mazutu ku isoko no kugabanya ibiciro by’ingufu, by’umwihariko ku bahinzi, aborozi n’abatwara imizigo muri Amerika.

Iri tangazo ryaje mu gihe ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byari byarazamutse, bigira ingaruka ku baturage no ku bucuruzi. Trump yashimangiye ko kugabanya ibiciro by’ingufu ku Banyamerika ari imwe mu ntego ze z’ibanze.

Nk’uko ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga byabitangaje, Minisiteri y’Imari ya Amerika yanatangaje uruhushya rw’agateganyo rworoheje imbogamizi z’ibihano ku bicuruzwa bya mazutu y’u Burusiya, kugira ngo ibyo bicuruzwa bishobore kugera ku masoko yemerewe muri iyo gahunda.

Zelensky: Ni impano kuri Putin

Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, ntiyishimiye uwo mwanzuro. Yavuze ko kwemera ko u Burusiya bwongera kugurisha mazutu, mu gihe bukomeje intambara muri Ukraine, bishobora kubuha amafaranga azifashishwa mu gukomeza ibikorwa bya gisirikare.

Zelensky yavuze ko amasezerano nk’ayo atagomba kurebwa gusa nk’uburyo bwo kugabanya ibiciro by’ingufu, ahubwo ko hakwiye no kurebwa ingaruka agira ku mutekano wa Ukraine no ku mbaraga z’u Burusiya mu ntambara.

Mu magambo yatangaje, Zelensky yavuze ko kwemera koroshya ibihano ku bicuruzwa by’ingufu by’u Burusiya bidafite amasezerano ahamye yo kugabanya imirwano ari icyemezo kidakwiye. Yongeyeho ko kwemerera Moscou kugurisha ibikomoka kuri peteroli bishobora gufasha igihugu gukomeza intambara aho kuyihagarika.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’igitangazamakuru Axios, Zelensky yanenze uburyo ayo masezerano yatangajwe, avuga ko atari uburyo bwiza abafatanyabikorwa bakwiye gufatanya, cyane cyane mu gihe intumwa za Ukraine zari muri Amerika mu biganiro bigamije gushaka inzira yo kurangiza intambara.

Yagereranyije amasezerano ya Trump na Putin n’impano y’isabukuru, kuko Putin yari amaze kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 74.

Impamvu aya masezerano ateye impaka

Aya masezerano aje mu gihe Amerika n’ibihugu by’i Burayi byari bimaze igihe bishyiraho ibihano bigamije kugabanya amafaranga u Burusiya bwinjiza mu bucuruzi bw’ingufu, kubera intambara bwagabye kuri Ukraine.

Kuba ubuyobozi bwa Trump bwemeye koroshya bimwe muri ibyo bihano kugira ngo mazutu y’u Burusiya igere ku isoko, byateje impaka ku bijyanye n’uko Washington ikwiye guhuza inyungu z’ubukungu n’inkunga iha Ukraine.

Ku ruhande rwa Trump, kongera mazutu ku isoko bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibiciro by’ingufu muri Amerika. Ku ruhande rwa Ukraine, amafaranga u Burusiya bushobora kubona muri ubwo bucuruzi ashobora kubufasha gukomeza ibikorwa bya gisirikare.

Icyakora, abasesenguzi mu by’ingufu bagaragaje ko ingano ya mazutu yatangajwe ishobora kuba idahagije kugira ngo igire impinduka nini ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Bityo, ingaruka nyazo ku biciro ntiziramenyekana neza.

Ukraine irasaba ko impande zombi zigabanya ibitero

Zelensky yavuze ko Ukraine yiteguye kuganira ku guhagarika ibitero byibasira ibikorwaremezo by’ingufu, ariko ko ibyo bigomba gukorwa ku mpande zombi.

Yasobanuye ko Ukraine ishobora guhagarika ibitero ku nganda zitunganya peteroli z’u Burusiya mu gihe u Burusiya na bwo bwahagarika ibitero ku mashanyarazi n’ibindi bikorwaremezo by’ingufu bya Ukraine.

Ibi bigaragaza ko impande zombi zitavuga rumwe ku buryo bwo kugera ku mahoro: Washington irashaka kugabanya ibiciro by’ingufu no guteza imbere ibiganiro, mu gihe Kyiv ishimangira ko kugabanya imirwano bigomba kujyana n’ibikorwa bifatika by’impande zombi.

Amakuru yatangajwe na Axios ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2026 yanavuze ko umuyobozi wo muri Amerika yavuze ko icyemezo cya Trump cyafashwe nyuma y’uko Ukraine itubahirije ibyifuzo bya Washington byo guhagarika ibitero ku nganda za peteroli z’u Burusiya. Icyakora, ibyo ni ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’uwo muyobozi, mu gihe impande zombi zikomeje kutumvikana ku buryo bwo guhosha intambara.

Ese aya masezerano azafasha kurangiza intambara?

Ikibazo gikomeye ni ukumenya niba amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ingufu hagati ya Washington na Moscou ashobora gufasha mu biganiro by’amahoro, cyangwa niba azongera ubushyamirane hagati ya Amerika na Ukraine.

Ku ruhande rwa Trump, kongera ibikomoka kuri peteroli ku isoko ni uburyo bwo guhangana n’izamuka ry’ibiciro. Ku ruhande rwa Zelensky, koroshya ibihano ku Burusiya bitabanje kuboneka amasezerano afatika yo kugabanya imirwano bishobora guha Moscou inyungu mu gihe intambara ikomeje.

Kugeza ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2026, nta gihamya ihagije yari yatangajwe ko aya masezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ingufu yaherekejwe n’amasezerano mashya yo guhagarika intambara.

MUHABURA NEWSLINE irakomeza gukurikirana uko aya masezerano azagira ingaruka ku mubano wa Amerika na Ukraine, ku bukungu bw’u Burusiya no ku biganiro bigamije kurangiza intambara.

Mu byumweru bishize, Iran yakomeje gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyira igitutu ku mato anyura muri uyu muhanda. Muri byo harimo mine zo mu mazi, drones, ubwato buto ndetse na misile zirasa amato. Amerika nayo yakoze ibikorwa bya gisirikare byo kugabanya ubushobozi bwa Iran bwo guhungabanya ubwikorezi.

Icy’ingenzi aha ntabwo ari ukubaza niba Iran ifite “intwaro y’ubwenge” itagira ahandi ku isi, ahubwo ni uburyo Tehran ihuza intwaro zitandukanye n’imiterere y’uyu muhanda w’amazi. Hormuz ni inzira ifunganye kandi ikoresha cyane mu gutwara ingufu, ku buryo n’iterabwoba ry’uko amato ashobora guterwa rishobora gutuma ba nyirayo bahagarika ingendo cyangwa bagasaba ubwishingizi buhenze.

Kugeza ku wa 6 Ukwakira 2026, amakuru ya Reuters yagaragazaga ko amato atwara ibicuruzwa by’ingenzi anyuze muri Hormuz yari yagabanutse cyane: uwo munsi habayeho kunyura kw’amato arindwi gusa, mu gihe mbere y’intambara habarwaga hafi 125 ku munsi. Gutwara peteroli nabyo byari byaragabanutse kugera kuri hafi miliyoni 10.1 za barili ku munsi.

Aha ni ho ubuhanga bwa Iran bugaragarira: ntabwo byanze bikunze bisaba kurasa buri bwato. Iyo igihugu gishoboye gutuma abatwara amato batinya kunyura ahantu runaka, igitutu cy’ubukungu kiba kimaze gukora.

Ariko kuvuga ko Amerika “idatinyuka kugira icyo ikora” byaba ari ugusiga igice gikomeye cy’ukuri. Amerika yatangaje ko yakoze ibitero ku bigo bya misile, drones, radar, ubwato n’ibindi bikorwa bya gisirikare bya Iran byashinjwaga guhungabanya ubwikorezi muri Hormuz. Muri Mata, ingabo z’Amerika zatangiye kandi ibikorwa byo gushakisha no gukuraho mine mu muhanda w’amazi.

Ikibazo nyacyo rero ni iki: Ese ushobora gutsinda intambara yo mu nyanja ukoresheje imbaraga nyinshi gusa, cyangwa ushobora guhura n’ikibazo aho intwaro zidahenze cyane zishobora guteza igihombo kinini ku mutwe munini wa gisirikare?

Hormuz iratanga isomo rikomeye ku ntambara zo mu kinyejana cya 21: ubushobozi bw’igihugu ntibupimirwa gusa ku ndege z’intambara, ubwato bunini cyangwa misile ndende. Hari n’akamaro k’ubushobozi bwo guhungabanya ibikorwa by’umwanzi ahantu h’ingenzi cyane.

Ni yo mpamvu Hormuz ikomeje kuba ikibuga cy’ingenzi mu guhangana hagati ya Iran na Amerika. Kandi uko ikibazo gikomeza, isi izakomeza kwibaza niba ubwikorezi bwo muri uyu muhanda bushobora gusubira ku murongo usanzwe, cyangwa niba Hormuz izakomeza kuba igikoresho gikomeye mu biganiro bya dipolomasi n’igitutu cya gisirikare.

Iran ishobora kuba idafite intwaro imwe “idafitwe n’ikindi gihugu ku isi” nk’uko bamwe babivuga, ariko uburyo ikoresha mine, drones, misile n’ubwato buto mu muhanda ufunganye kandi w’ingenzi nk’uwa Hormuz bugaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga n’uburyo bwo kurwanamo bishobora guhindura cyane imbaraga z’umwanzi ufite igisirikare kinini.

Yanditswe na Salongo Richard

Aya masezerano yashyizweho umukono i Nairobi muri Kenya, ku wa 6 Ukwakira 2026, ubwo hasozwaga inama ya 10 ya Joint Permanent Commission for Cooperation (JPCC) ihuza Kenya n’u Rwanda, yabaye kuva ku wa 5 kugeza ku wa 6 Ukwakira.

Inama yari iyobowe ku ruhande rwa Kenya na Musalia Mudavadi, Minisitiri w’Intebe wungirije akaba na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ibikorwa by’Abanyakenya baba mu mahanga, mu gihe u Rwanda rwari ruhagarariwe na Dr. Usta Kaitesi, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wungirije ushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubutwererane mpuzamahanga.

Ayo masezerano areba izihe nzego?

Aya masezerano 11 agamije gushyiraho uburyo bwagutse bwo gushyira mu bikorwa imihigo y’ibihugu byombi no kwagura ubufatanye mu nzego zitandukanye, zirimo:

• ubucuruzi n’ishoramari;
• ubwikorezi n’ibikorwa remezo;
• ubuhahirane n’imitangire ya serivisi;
• ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho;
• ubuhinzi;
• ubukerarugendo;
• uburezi n’ubuzima;
• umutekano n’ubutabera;
• kwimuka no gucunga abinjira n’abasohoka;
• imicungire y’amazi n’ubuhinzi bwuhirwa;
• kubungabunga ibidukikije;
• imiturire n’iterambere ry’imijyi;
• umuco n’umurage;
• ndetse n’imikoranire ku baturage baba mu mahanga.

Hari kandi amasezerano agamije koroshya ubufatanye mu by’amategeko, harimo ubufashanye mu manza z’inshinjabyaha ndetse no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kohereza abantu bakatiwe igifungo hagati y’ibihugu byombi.

Ubucuruzi hagati y’u Rwanda na Kenya bugiye kwaguka

U Rwanda na Kenya bifitanye umubano ukomeye mu bucuruzi, cyane cyane binyuze mu Northern Corridor, unyuzwamo ibicuruzwa byinshi bituruka ku cyambu cya Mombasa bigana mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu byo mu karere.

Minisitiri Usta Kaitesi yavuze ko mu mwaka wa 2025 u Rwanda rwatumije muri Kenya ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro karenga miliyoni 398 z’amadolari, mu gihe ibyo u Rwanda rwohereje muri Kenya byari bifite agaciro ka hafi miliyoni 5.3 z’amadolari.

Ibi byerekana ko hakiri amahirwe menshi yo kongera ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rwohereza ku isoko rya Kenya, mu gihe ibihugu byombi bishaka ko ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka burushaho kwaguka.

Ingendo z’abantu n’ibicuruzwa na zo ziri mu byibandwaho

Kenya yashimangiye ko ari ngombwa koroshya urujya n’uruza rw’abantu, ibicuruzwa, serivisi n’imari mu bihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, EAC.

Ibi bishobora kugira uruhare mu kugabanya imbogamizi abacuruzi n’abashoramari bahura na zo mu gukora ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.

Ubufatanye kandi buje bukurikira indi gahunda ikomeye yo gukomeza gukoresha icyambu cya Mombasa mu kugeza ibikomoka kuri peteroli n’ibindi bicuruzwa mu Rwanda. Muri Kamena 2026, Kenya n’u Rwanda byasinye amasezerano agamije gutuma u Rwanda rutumiza peteroli nyinshi binyuze muri Kenya, rukoresheje ibikorwa remezo bya Kenya mu gutwara no kubika ibikomoka kuri peteroli.

Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, kuba Kenya ifite uruhare rukomeye muri Northern Corridor bifatwa nk’ingenzi mu kubona inzira yizewe kandi ihendutse igana ku masoko mpuzamahanga.

Hazashyirwaho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa

Ibihugu byombi byemeranyije gushyiraho igihe ntarengwa cyo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemeranyijweho, aho za komite za tekiniki zizajya zikurikirana uko gahunda zitandukanye zishyirwa mu bikorwa.

Biteganyijwe ko mu Kwikanga 2027, i Kigali hazabera isuzuma ry’agateganyo ry’ibyavuye mu masezerano ya JPCC ya 10, mu gihe inama ya 11 ya JPCC iteganyijwe kuba mu Kwakira 2028.

Aya masezerano 11 aje kongera imbaraga mu mubano w’u Rwanda na Kenya, cyane cyane mu bucuruzi, ishoramari, ubwikorezi, ingufu, ikoranabuhanga no kwishyira hamwe kw’ibihugu byo mu Muryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Ku mpande zombi, intego ni uguhindura umubano mwiza wa politiki usanzweho ukabyara ubucuruzi bwinshi, ishoramari ryiyongera, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa rworoha, ndetse n’inyungu zirambye ku baturage b’ibihugu byombi.

Yanditswe na Gapfizi

Kuri Afurika, ikibazo ntikiri gusa ku mubano na Amerika. Ni ikibazo cyo kumenya niba umugabane ushobora gukoresha umutungo kamere, isoko ryawo rinini n’umwanya ufite mu bukungu bw’isi kugira ngo wubake ubwigenge bukomeye mu bukungu na politiki y’amahanga.

1. USAID N’INKUNGA Z’AMAHANGA: AFURIKA ISHOBORA KWISHINGIKIRIZA KURI YO YONYINE?

Imyaka myinshi, ibihugu bya Afurika byagiye byakira inkunga z’amahanga mu nzego zirimo ubuzima, kurwanya inzara, uburezi, ubuhinzi n’ibikorwa byo gufasha abaturage.

Impinduka muri politiki ya Amerika zatumye ikibazo cyo kwishingikiriza ku nkunga z’amahanga cyongera kugaruka ku murongo wa mbere.

Ku bayobozi ba Afurika, ibi bishobora kuba umwanya wo kwihutisha gahunda zo gukusanya imisoro imbere mu gihugu, kongera umusaruro, guteza imbere inganda no gushaka ishoramari rirambye aho gutegereza inkunga.

2. AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA: ISOKO RY’ABANYAFURIKA RISHOBORA KUBA IGISUBIZO

Kimwe mu bikomeye Afurika ifite ni AfCFTA, gahunda igamije koroshya ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika.

Mu gihe ubucuruzi n’imisoro hagati ya Afurika na Amerika bishobora guhinduka, isoko ry’Afurika rishobora kurushaho kugira akamaro.

Afurika ifite abaturage barenga miliyari imwe n’igice kandi umubare wabo ukomeje kwiyongera. Guhuza amasoko y’ibihugu bitandukanye bishobora gufasha Afurika kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku masoko yo hanze.

Iki ni kimwe mu by’ingenzi bishobora gutuma Afurika ivugana n’ibindi bihangange iri mu mwanya ufite imbaraga kurushaho.

3. AMABUYE Y’AGACIRO: CONGO, ZAMBIA, TANZANIA N’ANDI MASOKO Y’INGENZI

Afurika ifite ubutunzi bukomeye mu mabuye y’agaciro akenewe mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ifite uruhare rukomeye ku isoko rya cobalt, mu gihe ibihugu birimo Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Guinea, South Africa n’ibindi bifite amabuye atandukanye akenewe mu nganda.

Amerika, u Bushinwa n’u Burayi byose birashaka kubona amasoko yizewe y’ayo mabuye.

Iki ni icyuho Afurika ishobora gukoresha kugira ngo itange amabuye yayo afite agaciro kongerewe ku mugabane, aho kuyohereza gusa ari umusaruro mbumbe.

4. RDC N’IBIBAZO BY’UMUTEKANO: UMUTUNGO KAMERE N’INTAMBARA

Mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, umutungo kamere n’umutekano byakomeje kuba ibintu bifitanye isano.

Intambara n’ubushyamirane hagati y’impande zitandukanye byatumye ikibazo cya mineral resources cyo muri aka karere gikomeza gukurikiranwa n’ibihugu bikomeye.

Ku mugabane, ikibazo ni ukumenya uburyo umutungo kamere ushobora kuba isoko y’iterambere aho kuba impamvu y’amakimbirane.

Ni muri urwo rwego ibihugu bya Afurika bishaka ko amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’amabuye y’agaciro ajyana n’ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo, inganda n’akazi ku baturage.

5. CHINA: UMUFATANYABIKORWA UDAKWIYE KWIRUKANWA MU MUKINO

Mu gihe Amerika iri guhindura uburyo ikorana na Afurika, u Bushinwa buracyafite umwanya ukomeye ku mugabane.

Ubushinwa bwubatse cyangwa butera inkunga ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye muri Afurika, birimo imihanda, gari ya moshi, amashanyarazi n’ibindi.

Ku bihugu bya Afurika, ikibazo ntabwo ari uguhitamo hagati ya Amerika n’u Bushinwa gusa.

Ni ugushaka uburyo bwo gukorana n’impande zombi mu buryo butuma inyungu za Afurika ziza imbere.

6. RUSSIA NA BRICS: AFURIKA IRASHYAKA UBundi BURYO BW’UBUFATANYE

Uko imbaraga za BRICS zikomeza kwaguka, ibihugu bya Afurika birimo Egypt, Ethiopia na South Africa biri kugira uruhare muri uru rwego.

Ibi byongera amahitamo y’umugabane ku bijyanye n’imari, ubucuruzi n’imikoranire mpuzamahanga.

Ku bihugu bya Afurika, ibi bishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kutishingikiriza ku mufatanyabikorwa umwe gusa.

7. GULF STATES: UAE, SAUDI ARABIA NA QATAR BIRI KONGERA UMWANYA WABYO

Ibihugu byo mu kigobe cya Persian Gulf nabyo biri kongera ishoramari muri Afurika.

UAE, Saudi Arabia na Qatar bifite inyungu mu byerekeye ubuhinzi, ibyambu, ingufu, ubucuruzi n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.

Ibi biha Afurika abandi bafatanyabikorwa bashobora gushoramo imari, ariko bikongera n’ikibazo cyo kureba niba amasezerano yose aha umugabane inyungu zirambye.

8. SAHEL: TERORISME N’IHINDUKA RYA POLITIKI

Mu karere ka Sahel, ikibazo cy’umutekano gikomeje kugira ingaruka ku mubano wa Afurika n’ibihugu by’i Burayi ndetse na Amerika.

Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger byagiye bigira impinduka zikomeye mu mibanire n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba, mu gihe ubuyobozi bushya bw’ako karere bwashatse abandi bafatanyabikorwa.

Kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro, kurinda imipaka no kubaka inzego z’umutekano bikomeje kuba imwe mu ngingo z’ingenzi Afurika igomba kwitaho.

9. MIGRATION: ABANYAFURIKA N’AMABWIRIZA MASHYA YA AMERIKA N’UBURAYI

Politiki yo kugenzura abimukira iri mu ngingo zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibanire hagati ya Afurika n’ibihugu bikize.

Ku ruhande rwa Afurika, ikibazo cy’abimukira ntigishobora kurebwa gusa nk’ikibazo cy’imipaka.

Gifitanye isano n’akazi, uburezi, ubukungu, umutekano ndetse n’amahirwe urubyiruko rufite.

10. INGUFU N’AMASHANYARAZI: AFURIKA IFITE UMUTUNGO UKOMEYE ARIKO IKIBURA UMUSARURO UHAGIJE

Afurika ifite umutungo munini w’ingufu, ariko ibihugu byinshi biracyafite ikibazo cyo kubona amashanyarazi ahagije.

Mu gihe isi irimo gushora amafaranga menshi mu ngufu zisubira, Afurika ifite amahirwe mu mirasire y’izuba, amashanyarazi ava ku mazi, gaz ndetse n’izindi mbaraga.

Ikibazo gikomeye ni ugukora ku buryo izo mbaraga zituma inganda zikora kandi zikongera agaciro k’ibicuruzwa bikorerwa muri Afurika.

11. AFURIKA IGOMBA KONGERA AGACIRO KU MUTUNGO WAYO

Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye Afurika imaze igihe ihura na byo ni kohereza hanze ibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma igatumiza hanze ibicuruzwa byarakozwe.

Cobalt iva muri Afurika ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora bateri ahandi.

Cocoa ishobora kuva muri Afurika ikagaruka nk’ikiribwa cyatunganyijwe gifite agaciro kanini.

Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo cy’ingenzi atari gusa “Afurika ifite iki?”, ahubwo ari “Afurika ishobora gukora iki ikoresheje ibyo ifite?”

12. URUBYIRUKO N’IKORANABUHANGA

Afurika ni umugabane ufite urubyiruko rwinshi.

Niba uru rubyiruko rubonye uburezi bufite ireme, internet, amashanyarazi, imari n’amahirwe yo gukora imishinga, rushobora kuba imbaraga zikomeye mu guhindura ubukungu bw’umugabane.

Ikoranabuhanga, fintech, artificial intelligence, e-commerce n’ubundi buryo bushya bw’ubucuruzi bishobora gufasha Afurika gusimbuka zimwe mu nzego z’ubukungu yari yarasigaye inyuma.

AFURIKA IGIYE MU GIHE CYO GUHITAMO

Ibi byose bigaragaza ko igihe cya Trump II atari ikibazo cya Washington na Afurika gusa. Ni igice cy’impinduka nini mu buryo imbaraga z’isi zitandukanye.

Amerika irashaka umutekano, amasoko n’amabuye y’ingenzi. Ubushinwa burashaka ubucuruzi n’ishoramari. Uburayi bushaka umutekano n’ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu n’abimukira. Ibihugu byo mu Kigobe na byo birashaka kongera uruhare rwabyo.

Afurika rero ifite amahitamo menshi kurusha mbere, ariko amahirwe ayo ari yo yose azagira akamaro ari uko ibihugu byayo bishoboye gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage, kongera agaciro ku mutungo kamere no gukomeza ubufatanye hagati yabyo.

Muri iyi si iri guhinduka, ikibazo gikomeye si ukumenya gusa uwo Afurika izakorana na we, ahubwo ni ukumenya uko Afurika izakoresha amarushanwa y’ibihangange by’isi kugira ngo yongere ubukungu n’ubwigenge bwayo.

Yandiswe na Ruhumuriza Richard

Iki cyemezo kije nyuma y’imyaka igera kuri 15 ibikorwa byo guteza imbere burundu ibice bya peteroli bya RDC, bizwi nka Blocs 1 na 2, bitaratera imbere uko byari biteganyijwe.

Tshisekedi ashaka ubufatanye na Uganda

Mu nama y’Abaminisitiri yo muri Kanama 2026, Tshisekedi yasabye Leta ya Congo kongera ubufatanye na Uganda mu bijyanye na peteroli yo mu kibaya gihuriweho n’ibihugu byombi.

Yavuze ko kubera ko ibice by’ubutaka birimo peteroli bidahagarara ku mipaka y’ibihugu, igihe ikigega cya peteroli gisangiye ibihugu bibiri hakenewe ubufatanye n’imikoranire mu kugiteza imbere no kugicunga.

Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’iya Hydrocarbures zasabwe gutegura ikarita y’inzira (feuille de route) izagaragaza uko RDC yakorana na Uganda mu guteza imbere umutungo wa peteroli uri muri aka karere.

RDC ishaka kwigira ku byo Uganda imaze gukora

Mu gihe RDC ikiri mu ntambwe zo kongera ubushakashatsi, Uganda yo imaze gutera imbere cyane mu guteza imbere peteroli yo ku ruhande rwayo rw’Ikibaya cya Albertine.

Uganda yatangaje ko kugeza ubu habonetse ibimenyetso bya hydrocarbures mu mariba menshi yacukuwe, ndetse ikaba ifite imishinga minini nka Tilenga na Kingfisher. Igihugu kandi kiri kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo kugeza peteroli ku isoko mpuzamahanga binyuze muri East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) ijya ku cyambu cya Tanga muri Tanzania.

Ibi bituma Kinshasa ibona ko ubunararibonye bwa Uganda bushobora kuyifasha mu guteza imbere ibice byayo bya peteroli biri hakurya y’umupaka.

Blocs 1 na 2 ziri mu by’ingenzi

Muri Nzeri 2026, Minisiteri ya Hydrocarbures ya RDC yakoranye n’abashoramari n’abahanga mu bijyanye na peteroli kugira ngo barebe uko Blocs 1 na 2 zatezwa imbere.

Ibiganiro byibanze ku buryo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi, kumenya neza ubwinshi bw’umutungo ushobora kuba uhari ndetse no kureba uburyo ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara peteroli byakoreshwa mu gihe habonetse ububiko bushobora gucuruzwa.

Abahanga ariko baraburira ko ubwinshi bwa peteroli bwavumbuwe muri Uganda budakwiye guhita bufatwa nk’ubwemejwe muri RDC. Ku ruhande rwa Congo haracyakenewe ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya, ubushakashatsi bwa seismic, gucukura amariba no kwemeza niba ububiko bwabonetse bwaba bushobora gucuruzwa.

Tshisekedi yifuza ko RDC itakomeza gusigara inyuma

Ikibazo cyihutirwa kuri Kinshasa ni uko Uganda imaze gutera imbere mu bikorwa byayo bya peteroli, mu gihe RDC yo imaze imyaka myinshi itaragera ku musaruro uhamye w’aya mavuta mu gice cy’Ikibaya cya Albertine.

Ni muri urwo rwego Tshisekedi yasabye kandi ko hakorwa isuzuma ryimbitse ry’umutungo wa peteroli na gaz wa RDC, harebwa ibyemezo by’ubushakashatsi, ibyicaro by’ubucukuzi, imishinga iriho, abafatanyabikorwa ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara, kubika no gutunganya peteroli.

Ikibazo cy’umutekano n’ibidukikije

Guteza imbere peteroli mu gace k’Ibiyaga Bigari ariko bishobora gukomeza guteza impaka ku mutekano n’ibidukikije.

Imiryango imwe yita ku bidukikije yasabye RDC na Uganda kwitonda ku mishinga mishya ya peteroli, ivuga ko ibikorwa nk’ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku baturage ndetse no ku bidukikije byo mu Graben Albertine, akarere gafite urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rukomeye.

Ku rundi ruhande, Leta ya RDC ivuga ko umutungo wa hydrocarbures ushobora kuba imwe mu nkingi z’iterambere ry’ubukungu, kongera ingufu no guteza imbere inganda.

Perezida Tshisekedi na Museveni bari baraganiriye kuri iki kibazo

Muri Gicurasi 2026, Perezida Tshisekedi na Perezida wa Uganda Yoweri Museveni baganiriye ku bufatanye mu bijyanye n’umutekano, ubucuruzi ndetse na peteroli.

Museveni yavuze ko hari igice cy’umutungo wa peteroli giherereye ku mpande zombi z’umupaka, maze agaragaza ko RDC ishobora kugira uruhare mu bikorwa remezo Uganda imaze gutangira guteza imbere, birimo imiyoboro n’ibikorwa byo gutunganya peteroli.

Ibi biganiro bishobora gufungura inzira nshya y’ubufatanye hagati ya Kinshasa na Kampala mu gihe RDC ishaka gutangira gukoresha neza umutungo wayo uri hafi y’umupaka.

Umushinga ushobora guhindura ubukungu bw’akarere

Niba ubushakashatsi bwemeza ko Blocs 1 na 2 za RDC zifite peteroli ishobora gucuruzwa ku rugero rufatika, umushinga ushobora kugira uruhare mu kongera ingufu igihugu gifite no guteza imbere ibikorwa by’inganda.

Ariko kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, RDC igomba kubanza gukemura ibibazo by’ishoramari, ibikorwa remezo, umutekano ndetse n’uburyo bwo kugeza peteroli ku masoko.

Muri make, Tshisekedi arashaka ko RDC yihutisha ubushakashatsi kuri peteroli yo ku Kiyaga cya Albert, mu gihe Uganda yo imaze gutera imbere mu mishinga yayo. Kinshasa ubu irashaka gukorana na Kampala no kwifashisha ibikorwa remezo by’akarere, ariko ubwinshi bwa peteroli buri ku ruhande rwa Congo buracyakeneye kwemezwa n’ubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki.

Yanditswe na Ruhumuriza Richard

Ruzizi III ni umushinga umaze imyaka irenga 20 utegurwa, ukaba ugamije kubaka urugomero ruzatanga megawatt 206 (MW) z’amashanyarazi. Uru rugomero ruzubakwa ku mugezi wa Ruzizi, ahari umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na RDC, mu gihe amashanyarazi azagenerwa ibihugu bitatu.

Dongfang Electric yavuye mu mushinga

Amakuru yatangajwe ku wa 28 Nzeri 2026 avuga ko Dongfang Electric, yari mu itsinda ryari riri mu biganiro byo guhabwa amasezerano yo kubaka Ruzizi III, yavuye muri ibyo biganiro.

Iki kigo cyari mu itsinda Orascom–The Arab Contractors–Dongfang Electric, ryari mu bahataniraga amasezerano yo kubaka uru rugomero. Dongfang yari ifite uruhare rukomeye mu gutanga ibikoresho bya tekiniki, birimo turbines zizabyaza amashanyarazi.

Kuvamo kwayo bivuze ko iryo tsinda rishobora gukenera gushaka undi mutanga ibikoresho by’ingenzi, ibintu bishobora kongera igihe cyo kurangiza ibiganiro no gutangira imirimo.

Umushinga umaze igihe kinini utegerejwe

Ruzizi III ni umwe mu mishinga minini y’ingufu utegerejwe cyane mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.

Urugomero ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwa 206 MW, rukaba rugamije kongera amashanyarazi aboneka mu Rwanda, Burundi no mu burasirazuba bwa RDC. Banki y’Isi ivuga ko uyu mushinga ushobora kugira uruhare mu kongera amashanyarazi ahoraho mu karere no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku mashanyarazi ahenda.

Umushinga uteganya kandi kubaka urugomero rufite uburebure bwa metero 51, ikigega cy’amazi gifite ubuso bugera kuri hegitari 46, umuyoboro w’amazi wa kilometero 3.8 ndetse n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ya kilometero 7.

Umutekano na politiki byiyongera ku mbogamizi

Kuvana kwa Dongfang Electric kuza mu gihe umushinga wa Ruzizi III usanzwe ukorera ahantu hafite ibibazo by’umutekano, cyane cyane ku ruhande rwa RDC.

Aho urugomero ruzubakwa hari hafi y’uduce two mu burasirazuba bwa RDC tumaze igihe turangwamo imirwano hagati y’ingabo za Leta n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, birimo M23.

Muri uyu mwaka, hari igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho agace katagiramo abasirikare gakikije ibikorwa bya Ruzizi III, mu rwego rwo kurinda ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi. Icyo gitekerezo ariko nticyakomeje.

Amerika n’u Bushinwa mu mushinga

Ruzizi III kandi iri mu mishinga y’ingufu ifite igisobanuro kirenze kubaka urugomero gusa.

Umushinga ushyigikiwe n’abaterankunga mpuzamahanga, kandi Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zagiye zigaragaza ko ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu bishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere no gutuma akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari karushaho guhuzwa mu bukungu.

Africa Intelligence ivuga ko kuvana kwa Dongfang Electric kwabaye mu gihe hari ibiganiro ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’imari y’umushinga ndetse n’uruhare rw’abaterankunga bo mu Burengerazuba.

Ariko nta gihamya rusange ihari yemeza ko Amerika ari yo yatumye ikigo cy’Abashinwa kivamo. Amakuru avuga ko Dongfang yavuye mu biganiro nyuma y’amabwiriza yaturutse i Beijing, ariko impamvu nyayo y’icyemezo cyayo ntiratangazwa ku mugaragaro.

Rwanda yatangiye gahunda yo kwishyura abazimurwa

Nubwo uyu mushinga wongeye guhura n’imbogamizi, hari ibikorwa byari byaratangiye ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda.

Ruzizi III Energy yatangaje ko mu Nyakanga 2026 hatangiye gusinywa amasezerano y’indishyi ku bantu bazagirwaho ingaruka n’umushinga mu Karere ka Rusizi. Ku ruhande rwa RDC, imyiteguro yo kwishyura indishyi yari igikomeje.

Umushinga uteganya ko umaze kuzura ushobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 1,210 GWh ku mwaka, akagirira akamaro abaturage bo mu Rwanda, RDC n’u Burundi.

Imbogamizi nshya ku mushinga umaze imyaka irenga 20 utegerejwe

Kuvana kwa Dongfang Electric rero byongeye gutera ikibazo ku gihe umushinga uzatangirira.

Amakuru avuga ko amasezerano y’ubwubatsi yari ateganyijwe gusinywa mbere y’uko Kanama 2026 irangira, ariko ubu bishobora gusunikwa kugeza ku mpera za 2026 cyangwa mu ntangiriro za 2027.

Ku Rwanda, RDC n’u Burundi, Ruzizi III ntabwo ari urugomero rw’amashanyarazi gusa. Ni umushinga ugamije kongera ingufu zikenewe mu bukungu, guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’amashanyarazi hagati y’ibihugu no kugabanya ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi. Ariko kuva ku mushinga kw’ikigo cy’Abashinwa cyari gifite uruhare mu bikoresho by’ingenzi by’urugomero, hamwe n’ibibazo by’umutekano n’imari bimaze igihe, bishobora kongera gutinza umushinga umaze imyaka myinshi utegerejwe

Yanditswe na Ruhumuriza Richard

Metalkol ni kimwe mu bigo bikomeye bya ERG muri RDC, byibanda cyane ku muringa na cobalt. Iki kigo gifite uburenganzira bwo gutunganya ibisigazwa by’amabuye byasigaye mu birombe bya kera, bikaba bifite akamaro gakomeye ku musaruro wa cobalt wa Congo.

Abacukuzi bitemewe bongeye kugaruka

Raporo nshya yatangajwe na Africa Intelligence ivuga ko abantu bakora ubucukuzi butemewe, bavuga ko barinzwe n’abasirikare, bongeye kwigarurira igice cy’ahacukurwa na Metalkol.

Ibi bikorwa ngo byageze ku rwego rufite imiterere isa n’ubucukuzi bukorwa ku rugero runini, aho imashini n’amakamyo bikoreshwa mu gukura no gutwara ibisigazwa by’amabuye.

Mu ntangiriro za Nzeri, amakuru yerekanaga ko ERG yari imaze igihe ihanganye n’undi muvurungano nk’uwo. Ikigo cyavuze ko kuva ku wa 21 Kanama 2026, igice cy’ikibanza cya Metalkol cyari cyongeye kwigarurirwa n’abacukuzi batemewe bari kumwe n’abasirikare bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare.

ERG yagereranyaga ko toni zigera kuri 700 z’ibisigazwa by’amabuye zishobora gukurwa aho hantu buri munsi, hakoreshejwe excavators n’amakamyo bikorera hafi amasaha yose. Ibyo bisigazwa byajyanwaga mu bigo bitunganya amabuye, birimo ibigo bifitwe n’Abashinwa.

Ibi bibaye nyuma y’amabwiriza ya Tshisekedi

Ku wa 10 Nyakanga 2026, Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yari yategetse ko abasirikare n’abapolisi bari ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko bavanwa ku masite y’ubucukuzi.

Iri tegeko ryatangajwe nyuma y’inama y’Abaminisitiri, aho ubutegetsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bambaye imyenda y’inzego z’umutekano batagomba kwivanga mu bikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bitari mu nshingano zabo.

Ariko ERG ivuga ko ibikorwa byo kwigarurira ibice by’ikibanza cyayo byakomeje nubwo ayo mabwiriza yari yatanzwe.

ERG imaze igihe ihanganye n’ikibazo

Iki kibazo ntabwo ari gishya kuri ERG.

Muri Werurwe 2026, ikigo cy’ubucukuzi cyari cyaragejeje ikibazo ku nzego z’ubutabera bwa gisirikare, gishinja bamwe mu basirikare kugira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kwambura cyangwa gukoresha mu buryo butemewe ibikoresho n’umutungo uri mu birombe byacyo. Iperereza ryakurikiyeho ryarebaga n’abasirikare bakuru ndetse n’abandi bantu bafite aho bahuriye n’inzego z’umutekano.

Muri Gicurasi, Africa Intelligence na bwo bwatangaje ko ERG yari ifite ikibazo cyo kongera kugenzura impushya zayo z’ubucukuzi, mu gihe abacukuzi batemewe bari barashinze imizi ku masite yayo, bamwe bakaba bavugwaga ko bashyigikiwe n’imiyoboro y’abantu bafite imbaraga mu rwego rwa politiki, igisirikare n’ubucuruzi.

Ikibazo cya cobalt n’umutungo wa Congo

Ikibazo cya Metalkol gifite uburemere budasanzwe kuko cobalt ari umwe mu mabuye y’ingenzi Congo icuruza ku isoko mpuzamahanga.

RDC ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi mu musaruro wa cobalt, kandi ERG ni umwe mu bakora ubucukuzi bukomeye bw’umuringa na cobalt muri icyo gihugu. Mu 2025, ERG yagabanyije umusaruro wayo wa cobalt hydroxide ku kigero cya 70%, mbere y’uko gahunda yo kugena umubare wa cobalt woherezwa mu mahanga ishyirwaho.

Ubwambuzi bukorerwa ku masite y’ubucukuzi rero bushobora kugira ingaruka ku musaruro w’ikigo, ku misoro ya Leta ndetse no ku kugenzura umutungo kamere wa Congo.

Ikibazo kiracyari ugushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza

Ku ruhande rwa Leta ya Congo, ikibazo gikomeye ni ugukora ku buryo amabwiriza ya Perezida Tshisekedi ashyirwa mu bikorwa ku butaka.

Nubwo Perezida yategetse ko abasirikare n’abapolisi batemerewe kwivanga mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bakurwa ku masite, amakuru mashya agaragaza ko ibikorwa bitemewe byongeye kugaragara kuri Metalkol.

Ibi bishyira ERG mu rugamba rwo kongera kugenzura umutungo wayo, mu gihe Leta na yo ihanganye n’ikibazo cyo kurinda ubucukuzi bwemewe, gukumira ubucukuzi butemewe no kugenzura uruhare rw’abasirikare mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.

Muri make, ikibazo cya Metalkol cyongeye kugaragaza ingorane Congo ifite mu kugenzura umutungo kamere wayo: amabwiriza ya politiki arahari, ariko ibikorwa byo gucukura no gukura cobalt n’ibindi bisigazwa by’amabuye mu buryo butemewe biracyavugwa ku butaka

Yanditswe na Ruhumuriza Richard

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Use this space for the main body of the story, supporting evidence, interviews and additional context.

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What readers should know

The article layout supports a strong headline, summary, author information, publication time, featured image, related stories and social sharing. Editors can also mark stories as featured, breaking or live from the WordPress editor.

Demo content is for design, layout and editorial workflow testing only.

Use this space for the main body of the story, supporting evidence, interviews and additional context.